Essay on Adolescence

Adolescence is a stage of your life that will not last forever. When adolescence comes to mind many people think of rebellion, parties, drugs, sex, hanging out with friends, having "good times", and having fun, however when I think of adolescence I take it for what it really is, simply a time where our bodies and mind mature. Most people have a view on adolescence including: I wish I could be an adolescence forever, and I am glad this is just a phase and will not last forever. I particularly feel that only the second part of that statement applies to me at this point in time.

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Many people wish that they could be an adolescence forever. Adolescence is a time where we go through puberty and evolve and mature mentally and physically. During this time we have physical development including the adolescent growth spurt and also sexual development. Everyone has a little bit different maturation and I believe that because of this, this would be the reason why people would want to be a adolescent forever. For most adolescents and teenagers being an adolescent is a time to rebel and to have fun. The main reason for this would be that many adolescences have not reached their peak of maturity. Even though they yearn to be known as adults by adults and their parents, they actually fear the responsibilities of growing up such as working and supporting a spouse and kids. They feel that they want to be more independent but fear being totally independent, it's actually almost an oxymoron.

Even though as earlier stated I don't want to be an adolescent forever now, I did at one point feel that way. When I was younger at about the age thirteen I was nearly done my physical and sexual development but I was far behind in my social development. I've always had a good strong relationship with my parents but I had never had a strong romantic relationship until the current one which started last year. I also as many still do I was still somewhat afraid of the idea of having to support myself working a job to make all the money to support even myself, although I now accept and look forward to the idea of being able to make enough money that I will never have to worry about money problems for me or my family.

With the wisdom and the knowledge that I have acquired in my times of being a child and an adolescence I look forward to the future of being an adult and being able to support my family. By now I am both physically and mentally mature, and I have also developed socially in these short years. I truly am glad that being an adolescence is just a phase and that I am reaching the very end of adolescence and the beginning of the rest of my life.

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Essay on Photography

The first article that I read was written by Robert Sullivan. The photograph that moved me the most from this collection was on page 27. This photograph was taken in Bosnia in 1993-1994. In this photo, a dead soldier is being ritually washed at a make-shift morgue outside of a mosque before he is buried. Not only is the deceased soldier moving in and of himself, but also there are intense diagonals created by the minaret of the mosque, which had fallen over due to Serbian artillery fire, in the background. The damaged structure looms over the two gentlemen washing the body of the soldier in an ominous fashion. The use of light and shadow in this photograph also contribute to its powerful appearance.

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Chapter 29 out of the book The Informed Eye, entitled Transcendental Pictures with photographs by Dorothea Lange, was the second article that I read. The photograph that affected me the most from this article was Lange's Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California, 1936. The visual qualities, such as the strong use of light and shadow and the frame created by the children, enhance the affects of the photograph. The most important elements of the photograph are, however, the tattered migrant mother and her children. The position of the two older children's bodies related to the mother show their pain and sorrow as well as their dependency on their mother. The younger child in the mother's arms is dirty and appears unhealthy. Not only do the mother's clothes appear worn out, but also the mother's face has the same tired, worn out appearance. This photograph portrays the hardships that a migrant mother and her children face.

Having read these articles and seen these images, I believe that photographs are art. Just because the process is chemical does not mean that one can take away the artistic qualities of photographs. It is true that photography can be used for aesthetic purposes, but photography plays many roles. After aesthetic use, photography can be used to document a situation, event, etc. It can be used for a hobby; for example, taking pictures of friends and putting them on a poster board. So, while photographs are art, they also play many other roles.

As far as my relation to photography, I took photography classes at my high school. As a result of these classes I have dealt with photography a good deal. I still have a continuous interest in photography to this day.

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Research Paper on Exercise

Stress is a factor in everyday life. It affects everyone at some point, usually more than once, in his or her life. However some people react well to stress, others handle it decently, and then there are some that just can't handle stress at all. My topic of discussion in particular is coping with stress as an athlete, how sports can cause a lot of stress, and how non-athletes use exercise to relive stress.

Sports can cause stress from the youngest athlete, an eleven year old who is just trying to impress his family, to a high school athlete, a teenager who is trying to do well in front of scouts so that he can play at a high level of competition in college, to college athletes, who have to do well in the sport the were recruited to play for and doing well in school at the same time, to the pro athletes, who battle stress on and off the athletic field.

"As an athlete you need an extra gear. You need to be able to take everything - family, friends, hangers-on and remove them from the equation." - Dennis Rodman (p. 219, Keown)

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I used to play college soccer, however due to a knee injury I do not play anymore. However I remember that when I would play it was a great release for me from my daily stressors. Even during high school, knowing that after school I would either be playing soccer, wrestling or running track was a great way for me to release stress. Even when I wasn't playing a sport I was in the gym lifting weights. However know these days I don't have enough time to go to the gym everyday, but when I do play intramural sports I do feel less stressed for the rest of the day.

Although playing sports is a great way to release stress, many times for a collegiate athlete it's a bit more stressful because of the schoolwork one must do. Jeff , a goalie for a men's soccer team said "While I love playing college soccer, knowing that I have to go on the road sometimes twice a week and having a lot of college work really creates more stress for me than I would like." Jeff likes to go the gym in the morning to life to release stress so that he is not stressed out the entire day. He also goes to the boxing club twice a week to box and get a real good workout, which he says, helps him relieve a lot of stress.

I remember during my junior and senior years of high school I personally put a lot of stress and pressure on myself during sports events. I would think about how well I needed to do in a game because I college recruiter was watching me in the stands. It put so much pressure on me that I would end up doing terrible in the game. My brother, however is the complete opposite. Recently he was asked to play on the varsity team for soccer for his high school. My brother is only a freshman, and giving him great credit this is the first time in the high schools history that a freshman has been asked to play on the varsity team for soccer. I asked him if he feels a lot of pressure or stress. He said he did feel a lot of stress, but "he liked it for some reason" as it gave him an incentive to do better, work harder on and off the field. "Oddly enough it helped me get my studies done as well. I didn't get stressed out about my work with all the attention that was brought to me about me about playing on the varsity team," said my brother. Although he wouldn't admit it to me, I talked to my father the night before my brother played in his first game and my father told me that my brother had a lot of anxiety and had trouble sleeping that night. However, my brother ended up scoring a goal and having an assist in the game, which earned him runner up for athlete of the week in the Bergen Record (a paper in Northern Jersey).
` At my brothers high school they make it mandatory for the coaches to give a seminar once a week (usually Saturdays) to teach all the athletes different ways to reduce anxiety before, during and after sports events. Some of the things that they teach are: progressive relaxation, autogenic training, meditation and biofeedback which all help the relaxation response. Relaxation response is described in Richard Cox's textbook, Sports Psychology, as "the physiological changes that are opposite to the fight or flight response of the sympathetic nervous system. Specifically, procedures such as progressive relaxation, autogenic training, and meditation result in decreases in oxygen consumption, heart rate, respiration, and skeletal muscle activity."(p.240, Cox) My brother likes to use the progressive relaxation technique to soothe his anxiety before games. The progressive relaxation techniques suggest that he lie down with his arms to the side of his body. However he also supplements this technique by doing deep breathing techniques as well. They have taught my brother to breath from the abdominal area as opposed to the chest area because the abdominal breathing is often deep, regular, and slow which relaxes the mind and the body; where as chest breathing sends out emotional distress because you are breathing shallow, irregular, and rapid breaths.

"When I would get stressed either from my own team mates, coaches, media or even from just my inner self I would either go to the gym or do some aerobic basketball drills." - Chris Webber (p.114, Albom)

Many times athletes or people in general like to go to the gym to do aerobic exercise or anaerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise "refers to exercise that is accomplished at an exercise intensity that allows for the intake of sufficient oxygen to maintain continuous exercise." (p. 367, Cox) Where as anaerobic exercise is when "the exerciser does not get enough oxygen to maintain continuous exercise. Anaerobic exercise requires the athlete to breathe hard following exercise in order to replenish stored energy."(p. 367, Cox) Examples of aerobic exercise are running, cycling, swimming etc., and examples of anaerobic exercise are lifting weights. Christine Hanson, a guest speaker that we had in class, explained that the benefit of aerobic exercise is tat it reduces risks associated with most diseases (especially heart disease), and that the benefits of anaerobic exercise is that it increases body image. "Exercise helps relieve stress because during it muscles contract, which releases energy; exercise also reduces stress associated with muscular tension such as tension headaches, joint and back pain. It also helps relieve stress because it offers solitude, it gives your mind the opportunity to get away from reality, it could stimulate creative problem solving and it could recharge energy levels to deal with problems at work. Positive moods do show to be associated with everyday exercise as well as relaxation for 90 to 120 minutes." (p. 2, Hanson)

Some people find that yoga is a very good way to release stress from the body and mind. Yoga has become a very popular exercise through out the past few years. Many athletes do yoga twice to three times a week not only to relieve stress, but also to also increase muscular exercise and prevent injuries. Dennis Rodman in his book writes how he went to yoga 3 times a week during the regular season, and after he retired he would go do yoga everyday, and still does yoga everyday. Many students yoga, in fact many students this summer started doing a new type of yoga, which is called hot yoga. Hot yoga is done in a room where the temperature is extremely hot. Numerous women say that it's better than regular yoga because "your muscles can be stretched more because of the increase in temperature." Women say it's very relaxing for her to do, and after she does a yoga workout she feels "very relaxed but energized" all at the same time. Yoga does relax the mind and it increases the amount of muscular exercise. "When large muscle groups contract and relax, the brain receives a signal to release neurotransmitters, which in turn makes one feel relaxed and more alert."(p. 4. Hanson)

For the past month, even longer than that, I have had chronic stress. I decided a few weeks ago that a wonderful experiment to conduct would be one on myself involving exercise. I decided to do this experiment after having Christine Hanson come into our class to talk to us about stress and exercise. I managed to fit 4 days a week of where I could go to the gym for a solid hour. I did thirty minutes of aerobic training; which varied everyday from running either inside the gym on machines or running outside around the area of the school depending on the weather, to even swimming at the pool in Bender Arena. After I did my aerobic exercise I would do 30 minutes, sometimes more, of an anaerobic exercise that varied from upper body weight lifting to lower body weight lifting. At least once a week I would do this exercise that was a combination of aerobic and anaerobic exercise called plyometrics. Plyometrics is a series of different exercises that use explosive movements to develop muscular power in the body, but mostly in the legs by doing bounding, hopping, and jumping exercise. I usually do these activities by running up and down stairs changing how I have to get up the stairs each time and in a certain amount of time, jumping rope, leaping over a series of cones, short sprints and I use sometimes weights that strap around my ankles to increase resistance. Doing plyometrics really tires you out, but relaxes me incredibly.

My conclusion to this experiment was a positive one, and was something that I have been learning all semester. Exercise does help reduce stress. Everyone around me was able to notice a mood change in me. From hanging out with my friends, girlfriend, and talking on the phone with my parents they noticed and could hear that I was a lot calmer and nowhere as edgy as I was in September and the beginning of October. I have been able to focus better on the tasks around me, and have not gotten frustrated with them since I have started working out.

In conclusion, overall exercise does help relieve stress. The amount of exercise depends on the type of person. An athlete who exercises everyday may use supplemental techniques such as yoga, or other relaxation techniques to help them relieve their stress. A non-athlete may find that going to the gym twice a week either before or after work help them relax as well. However, one must make sure they exercise properly as too much exercise or improper technique could have an opposite affect and cause more stress on the body than is already there.

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Research Paper on Nietzsche

In A Nietzsche Reader, Nietzsche's views on morality are outlined. Although his ideas are bold and pointed, they also are at times contradictory. Many of his concepts and arguments are more thought provoking than practical. It would be a difficult task to maintain a strong set of ethics, while at the same time be a true follower of Nietzsche. Not only would it be difficult because of the wide variation in the way he defines morality, but it would also be difficult to find the median between the propositions he requires one to adhere to. However it does seem that there possibility of reaching.

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When Nietzsche first defines morality, he states "Morality is nothing other than obedience to customs." (pg. 87) These customs are formed from tradition which is "A higher authority which one obeys, not because it is useful but because it commands." (pg. 87) However Nietzsche acknowledge that laws which do not make sense should not be law, as they cause more trouble then they would impede. Essentially, when one abides by the law which one is command to, they are furthering the good of the community, but not necessarily themselves.

Nietzsche believes that following the law is part of morality. In fact, he states that one's conscience is just, "The voice of laws." (pg. 85) The conscience is what tells one what is right and wrong. As long as the reasons behind the laws are good, then those laws should be followed. It would be immoral not to follow those laws. However, a successful crime which breaks the law is, in fact, moral. The idea is that the "crime" will be realized as right and then define the new law of the community.

Morality is also defined as "The herd instinct of the individual" (pg.102). This herd instinct is very similar to the concept of the good for the community. One must not look out for one's self interest exclusively, but instead look out for the greater good for the community. With the concept of the herd instinct and following what is commanded, morality is taken out of the hands of the individual and instead controlled by society. Since "Free-doers are at a disadvantage compared with freethinkers because people suffer more obviously from the consequences of deeds than from those of thoughts"(pg. 91), those who act free from the bounds of society are likely to be punished. So those who commit what they believe to be a moral action, are punished.

The major difficulty with maintaining a strong set of ethics, and being a follower of Nietzsche comes when one's moral beliefs differ with what is commanded by society. It is not often the case that one bases their morality entirely off what is commanded to them, there will always be discrepancies between the law and one's personal ethics. The way Nietzsche suggests one must remedy this situation is not by committing acts of crime alone, but successful ones. After this, one's personal moral beliefs will become the law ideally. This method for morality is unpractical and only allows individual thought to those who are able to commit successful crimes, or in other words the elite.

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Essay on New York City

When you think of New York you think of so many different people things. This is due to the fact that New York is build up of people from various cultural backgrounds. People immigrate from all parts of the world to the United States, but to them the land of opportunity is New York. This is due to the multi-cultural society New York consists of. People who immigrate from other countries to New York see it as a land of opportunity were they can earn more money and be accepted regardless of their social background.

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The people of New York have the freedom to express themselves in any way they want without being threatened. We New Yorkers understand that everyone comes from a different type of culture and we respect them and all their practices. Blacks are the largest cultural group in New York. There are about 2,100,000 blacks in New York. New York has the largest black population in the United States. Many of the Blacks in New York immigrated from the south during the Civil War. Many immigrate from the West Indies or from Africa. Due to the acceptance New Yorkers have Blacks are becoming part of the cities middle class. In the past blacks lived in poor neighborhoods, but today due to acceptance and the various cultures they are moving up in society. "Jews make up about 15 percent of the population of New York City." (Cordero - Guzman, 2001)

The Jewish people of New York come from many various countries such as Israel, Russia, and Germany. "They are considered to be an ethnic group, however, because most of them live in Jewish neighborhoods and have similar religious and social beliefs." (Cordero - Guzman, 2001)

Many consider them the moneymakers of New York since they own alot of businesses and firms in New York. They play a big role in New York's economy. "About 14 percent of New York City's people are of Italian ancestry." (Cordero-Guzman, 2001) The Italians of New York are known for being a very close society. They have very big family values. Italians are very religious. Italians in New York are known for their major role in the construction industry of New York. They also play a major role in the restaurant business, being that their restaurants are the most popular in the city. Italians come to New York from Italy looking for better job opportunities like many others. Puerto Ricans make up the largest Hispanic group in New York. " Large numbers of Puerto Ricans began to move to New York in the 1950's."(Foner, 2001) Large numbers of Puerto Ricans live in East Harlem (El Barrio) and in the Bronx. When they first immigrated they worked in places like factories and restaurants, but today they work in large corporations. They also play a large role in politics in New York City. " The Irish population makes up about 9 percent of the Cities population" (Cordero- Guzman, 2001) They immigrated from Ireland in search of the American dream. They have always played a major role in New York City politics. They are also the largest Catholic Group in the city. Dominicans are the fastest growing ethnic group in New York City. They immigrate from the Dominican Republic in search of a better life. Due to the fact that in the Dominican Republic there are only to social classes the rich ands the poor many leave the country in search of job and lifestyle opportunities. They work in places like hotels, restaurants, and stores. Dominicans are infamous in New York for their bodega's (grocery stores on the corners of New York City Blocks).

Pretty soon they will become the largest Hispanic group in New York. Chinese are the largest Asian immigrant groups in New York. They have immigrated to New York due to large population in China. Many also have immigrated due to the Communistic government in China. Another factor for them coming here is the freedom. With strict laws such as the One Child Law of China many have fled the country. They own many businesses, such as discount stores, flower shops, and Restaurants. They are very famous for their shops along Canal Street (also known as China Town). New York is a large city were people come in search of a better life. Almost everyone is pretty accepting of the differences in culture and the diversity. But New York has many social problems. Due to the large size of the city lots of these problems are not made a big deal of, but they are problems we New Yorkers have to face. Problems such as poverty, crime, drugs, and racial discrimination are faced by many New Yorkers. There is a lot of competition in New York due to the large population, which is the main cause for social problems. New York is a place of many people with many different diverse backgrounds. This is what makes it so unique and different from all other places in the world. It is a land of immigrants living together as one in a community. A place were everyone is free to be themselves. New York also has one of the best economies in the world. This is due to the imput that immigrants give to the economy. Whether it is through working or opening businesses they are the reason for New York's high economy. They all bring in a different flavor into the everyday life in New York making it a great place to live in.

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Essay on Pharmacy

A pharmacist's job description consists of dispensing drugs that are prescribed by physicians in order to treat a number of illnesses, ailments, and irregularities. A Pharmacist is also expected to provide the patient with important information needed to administer the medication properly and without complications. Pharmacists are expected to be knowledgeable on the composition of drugs, and the actual mixing of ingredients to form various medians of treatment including powders, pills, ointments and solutions.

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Pharmacists can work in a number of different settings including retail, hospital, and in home healthcare. Pharmacists who work in a retail setting commonly advise patients on a number of issues concerning them including drug interactions and medical equipment. Community pharmacists also give advice on over the counter medications. They advise patients based on health surveys and what other medications they are currently taking. Pharmacists that are employed by hospitals and clinics dispense medications and advise the medical staff on different drugs. There is also a lot of planning involved in hospital pharmacy, counseling patients on drug regimens and on the use of drugs while in the hospital.

A degree in pharmacy typically takes 6 years to obtain with 2 years of pre-pharmacy education and 4 years of undergraduate study. After these have been completed you can opt to study for a masters or for what is known as a Pharm.D or a Doctorate of Pharmacy degree. Pharmacists also undergo a lot of training throughout their college study and even after college in patient care and consultative services to other health professionals.

Pharmacy seems like a career that is very rewarding. Without pharmacists many people could be mislead into taking drugs they do not need or accidentally interacting certain prescriptions. Pharmacists make a very decent salary without having to go to school for an exorbitantly large amount of time, about 70,000 a year on average. The one drawback of pharmacists is that they are often required to work long and undesirable hours because many pharmacies are open all day long, 7 days a week. There are also ethical concerns in pharmacy. There was a case recently where a pharmacist diluted cancer medication in order to make more money. A pharmacist has to be an honest and prudent individual because of the hundreds of lives that depend on him or her, daily. Overall, I think pharmacy is an excellent job with a good salary and benefits.

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Essay on Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban Missile Crisis which occurred in October 1962 was one of the major turning points of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union. During this significant time, these two major superpowers came utterly close to war, with possible use of nuclear weapons. This crisis is the closest the world has ever come to thermonuclear war. As a brief summary of the crisis, Fidel Castro took power in Cuba by overthrowing the previous dictator, Fulgencio Batista, whom the United States had put into power.

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Castro was hailed as a liberator by the Cuban people for the beginning of a new Cuban state, one that would be free politically and economically. The United States government was gravely concerned about the creation of a communist state and member of the Soviet Bloc only seventy miles from its southern shores. The Cuban arms buildup first began with the signing of agreements with the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia in mid-1960. This was followed by a secret arms buildup in Cuba sponsored by the Soviets and their satellites. Early indications of that buildup came from signals intelligence, the exploitation of Soviet and Soviet Bloc communications that carried information related to the arms supply operations. This problem became a major focus of the new Kennedy administration when it took office in January 1961. Kennedy focused much of his energy on the buildup and issued the NSA to intercept messages concerning Soviet ships headed for Havana. The cargo manifests were suspiciously blank, indicating that what they carried was more than just palm oil or farm equipment thus Kennedy's suspicions were unfortunately true. All in all, it was because of the Soviet Union's buildup of ballistic missiles within Cuba that caused thirteen days in mid-October of 1962 of the most terrifying fear of nuclear war. The United States had surrounded the Soviet Union with a picket fence of medium-range missiles in Europe capable of reaching important targets in only a few minutes. More specifically, in the thirteen days of crisis after American spy planes spotted construction of the Cuban missile sites, both leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union were searching for a way out of the catastrophe. President Kennedy's core goal was to get the missiles out of Cuba. In the end, President Kennedy chose a naval blockade over direct military action and the Soviet Union settled for an exchange for withdrawing the missiles: an American pledge not to invade Cuba.

As a way of explaining how the Cuban Missile Crisis became a crisis in the first place, one would take a liberal perspective of explaining what caused the Cuban Missile Crisis. Many liberalists, especially Marxists and other radicals, have long claimed that Capitalist countries, such as the Soviet Union, are likely to have particularly aggressive foreign policies. They say that this aggression is not limited to acts of war. In addition, they claim that political and military interventions in less developed countries are of special interest. Liberals argue that states pursue an absolute gain, which emphasizes the fact that arrangements that improve the welfare of a society are really what motivate a state's foreign policy. This may explain why the Soviet Union took special interest in Cuba in the first place. On the other hand, in the realist perspective, the state is the principal actor on the world stage. Realism focuses on the high politics of national security and the relationships between great powers. Realism focuses on maximizing power and that all actors in the international system seek the same relative set of goals. One would not use the realist theory to help explain the cause of the Cuban Missile Crisis because realists assume that conflicts between countries are not due to ideologies like as Communism, rather they are because of more tangible issues such and land, or border issues. In one explanation, S. Khrushchev (2002) suggested that that Cuban Missile crisis primarily attracts one's attention by virtue of the reason that caused it. He mentioned that what caused the crisis was not only the rivalry between the two superpowers, America and the Soviet Union, but also the cultural and civilizational distinctions between both of them. As a consequence of these distinctions, there was an inability of the leadership to adequately estimate the consequences of their own decisions and the reaction to them by the opposite side (S. Khrushchev, 2002). In other words, because of the cultural differences between the United States, the Soviet Union, and Cuba, all three countries did not fully understand the implications of their actions.

Liberals also tend to focus on increasing communications. They tend to emphasize the interconnections between individuals, societies, and governments. They feel that the more interactions between public, military, government, etc, the better and more peaceful the interactions will be. The military has always been considered an instrument of the state that could legitimately be used as a means to further political goals (Deinema & Leydesdorff, 1996). However, regarding to the Cuban Missile Crisis, Michael Deinema and Loet Leydesdorff implied that as the American society grew increasingly complex, policy making differentiated into many different departments, of which only one was dedicated specifically to the military. Thus, the interaction between the two systems became further restricted. Because of this restriction, confusing and misinterpretation of information resulted. They emphasized that the more complex a system becomes, the more difficult the coordination among the previously stabilized systems will become. As a result, miscommunication, misunderstandings, frictions, and unintended consequences will be expected to arise. Because of the lack of communication between not only the military and the government, but also between the government, the media, and the public, a crisis began to arise. For example, the President asked reporters not to break the news of attack until he informed the American people on network television. If they denied him the element of surprise, he feared what Soviets would have done. Poor communication also contributed to the escalation of the Cuban Missile Crisis because there was no direct and immediate link between the American and Soviet leaders. In addition, once the crisis entered its public phase on October 22nd, it took both leaders approximately seven days to reach a compromise. They used various written ways of communication and television and radio speeches to negotiate with one another.

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