Term Paper on Michael Dell

“Michael Dell of Dell computers started building his first computers when he was 16 years of age,”explains FSB Magazine. He bought an Apple II computer and took it apart and learned about how computers worked. After that he would go into upgrading his friends computers for profit. Michael would later drop out of University of Texas as premed student to open a small office and upgrade computers. Since then the company has been growing at an incredible rate. Dell has crushed the competitions, such as HP by showing by proving that success is in one key ingredient.

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Customers come first in Michael Dell’s book. The reason he is in business and constant growth is due to his companies success to get customer feedback and improve the company on daily bases. By listening to his customer Dell has proved that they are in business for one reason only: to keep the customer satisfied. This belief is something, one can understand, because every company is in business with direct respect to its customers. So by gaining customer feedback and keeping up with customer needs, Dell has been able to outperform the competition. While the competition strives to make better computers, Dell was striving to make computer experience better for the customer. However, Michael believes that this type of service is not free and one needs to pay for the convenience of the excellent service that Dell provides.

To provide such customer service oriented business, it may safe to say that Dell’s management of the company is excellent. They have their technicians listen in on sales calls and customer service calls. The management wants to make sure that everyone in the company is striving for the same goal: making the customer happy. All personal in the company know that they have a job because they have happy customers and they will continue to have a job, better pay, and stock options as long as those customers stay happy. When asked of Michael, have you perfected customer service, he said they had not perfected anything and that they do no belive in perfection. Dell believes that they can only improve and become better. Armed with this type of modo, Dell is slowly moving to the wireless internet market, which is where they see their customers peak interest seem to be.

For any company to continually experience growth and profit, their main business needs to be keeping the customer happy. No company has experienced success by not delivering exceptional customer service. They say patience is a virtue and to have patience with customer and hear their needs, virtue or profit will be the guaranteed reward.

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Term Paper on FCC

Monday, June 2nd, 2003 will be potentially the day we look back and say that was the day that we changed the way we watched television, listened to the radio, and read the newspaper. Why June 2nd? Well, simply because this was the day that The Federal Communications Commission ruled in favor 3-2 that there be a “relaxation of media ownership rules”. Basically, the FCC had changed is allowing the major media market owners to become even bigger and control more of the nations viewing and information by one company. As expected, everyone is not happy with the ruling of the FCC.

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The ruling allows television networks the freedom to control more of their local affiliates and lets a company own both a newspaper and television station in all markets except in small towns. As we look at the internet and cable television, media companies struggle to keep up with the internet and the quickness of reporting news to the world, as networks are always competing to provide the entertainment valued shows that cable generally tend to offer as a quality alternative. Consider that one company did own 2 or maybe 3 television stations, that company now can provide better programming since that company is able to control multiple networks at once. With that in mind, more selection will be offered to the viewers, rather than watching similar programs on different channels because the different networks are trying to fight for a particular timeslot. When then happens is that television becomes unentertaining with superficial, desperate people that will do anything to be on TV.

As previously stated, not everyone was as happy with the FCC ruling as the major television executives.

Ownership of a single company of the top TV stations and dominant newspaper in a city would let it virtually control local news coverage, said Gene Kimmelman of Consumers Union. “That means less competition for stories, lazier journalism and fewer independent voices essential to democracy,” he said. (1)

Even though it is sought to believe that the ownership by a single company of the top TV stations can and will most likely control local news coverage, in turn, there will be less competition for stories, lazier journalism, and eventually lead to predictable journalistic coverage. But the fact of the matter is that in passing the relaxation of media ownership, I predict that the competition for stories amongst reports will maintain the aggressive journalism attitude and the competition will still be there. Possibly lead to more detailed, informative coverage with a company having more control over the media and what to report only what is worth reporting.

If you think about it, regardless if a company owned 1 station or 10 stations, you can only report on what people are willing to tell you, how much they want to tell you, or how much they are allowed to tell you. All the ruling did was make it more flexible for the media to express their speech, rather than putting more limitation on our constitutional right, freedom of speech. What people do not understand is that there are other ways of receiving your information than watching the news on TV. The TV should be for entertainment purposes only, that’s the problem with people nowadays is that no one is media literate. Regardless of what you see on television, people still have to make decisions whether or not to trust what they see on television.

The FCC ruling gives companies more freedom to provide an “ideal” journalistic coverage for particular markets. But this does not apply to all markets. As we look closer of the limitations the ruling has expressed, the ruling tends beneficial to companies in market areas that have nine or more television stations. The reason being is that the market areas with four to eight television stations, those companies within that market area are not allowed to own both a TV station and a newspaper. While in the areas with nine or more television stations, a company is allowed to own a newspaper, a television station, and several radio stations. This ruling will affect the mostly newspaper publishing companies because they will then be allowed to buy a television station and basically promote one business by using the other.

I support the ruling of the relaxation of media ownership because this will allow the media to be a competitor with Internet and cable with regards to news coverage and entertainment valued programs without having to pay the Internet and cable bills. Also, I predict that since the journalist coverage will stay aggressive and journalists will continue to compel themselves to report the news as before. I believe that this will not have much change, if any at all, on how we receive the news. The only difference will be a change in ownership and possibly a change in name or logo of a particular station. From what I have researched, I believe that the changes the FCC had ruled in favor for will help improve television and news broadcasting move forward in a positive direction.

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Term Paper on Ecology

Communities go through a process of development from youth to maturity similar to that seen in individual organisms. This developmental process is called ecological succession. If a community develops on a newly formed site, this is called primary succession. If a community develops on a site that previously had a community on it, but which was disturbed or disrupted in some fashion, it is termed secondary succession. Some species (pioneer species) do very well during the early stages of succession but tend to be replaced by other species as the community matures. These species tend to be ecological generalists and do not hold-up well in the face of competition from more specialized species. Eventually a community matures to the point that it is largely composed of only those species that are best adapted to survive under the prevailing environmental conditions. At this point the community is stable and tends to undergo little further change. Such a community is called the climax community. In much of the eastern United States, hardwood deciduous forest is the climax community. If you cut this forest and then leave it alone, it will go through a secondary successional sequence leading back to the Climax State.

As the new community in the ecological succession progresses, we begin to see new organisms emerge. In a temperate deciduous forest, rocks and lichen give way to mosses, grasses, shrubs, confers, and deciduous woodland. These plant species begin to dominate this new community. They dominate in the sense that they are the most abundant source of food. This becomes useful when animal succession begins.

Temperate forests support an abundance of animal life. Smaller mammals, such as chipmunks, voles, squirrels, raccoons, opossums, and white-footed mice, live mainly on nuts and other fruits-mushrooms and insects. The wolves, bobcats, gray foxes, and mountain lions, in the areas where they have not been driven out by the encroachment of civilization, feed on these smaller mammals. Deer live mainly on the forest borders, where they browse on shrubs and seedlings.

In terms of biomass, or total mass, the producers (grass, trees, shrubs…) have more biomass than that of the consumers (fox, bear…) which contain less. The Temperate Deciduous Forest has 32 kilograms of biomass per meter.

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Term Paper on Economic Growth

What is economic growth and how is it measured. What are some of the factors that inhibit growth. Using specific examples, show how some countries have achieved high rates of economic development.

Economic growth is the ability of a nation to expand it productive capacity, resulting in an increased aptitude to satisfy the material wants of the nation. It occurs as a consequence of the increased availability of goods and services available for consumption and/or investment by the people.

Economic growth is measured as the rate of change of the total output of all final goods and services produced within a nation over a specified period of time (usually a year). Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the most common measure of economic growth, measuring the total market value of final goods and services in a nation during a twelve month period.

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) measures economic growth in four ways by GDP (at average 1989-90 prices (that is, the calculation of real GDP)):
1. GDP (P) - is a production measure of GDP which calculates the value added in each stage of production in the production of final goods and services;
2. GDP (E) - is an expenditure measure which calculates GDP according to the total expenditure of consumers, business and governments within a nation on final outputs (that is, sales receipts on final goods and services);
3. GDP (I) - is the total of incomes received by the owners of productive goods and services (for example, wages; salaries; supplements; and gross operating surplus); and
4. GDP (A) - is an average of GDP (P), GDP (E) and GDP (I) measures of GDP to achieve a standard measure of the rate of economic growth.

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There are a large number of factors which inhibit the economic growth of a nation, that is, there is a large number of components within a nation's economy which hinder the rate of economic growth. These components can include:

- Scarcity of Physical Capital - nations which have low economic growth rates often find it difficult to accumulate capital as they find themselves caught in the trap of underdevelopment. That is to say that nations with low per capita incomes have low savings rates due to the need to spend money on goods and services (such as foods) to survive. These low savings cause there to be a shortage of funds available for investment in capital goods resulting in the low productivity rates of labour, maintaining the low level of incomes. Similarly, the low per capita incomes limit the size of markets for goods and services, due to the restrictions on consumers' disposable incomes since they have low incomes. This results in a weak demand for goods and services reducing the available funds to business firms available for investment in capital goods, and the cycle continues.

- Low levels of Domestic Savings - economic growth is limited when there are low levels of savings. This is a major problem when there are also low income levels within the nation as savings are required for the nation to have investment. As a result of this, low savings levels obstruct the accumulation of new capital. Due to the lack of capital, the productivity of labour remains low impeding on the rate of economic development.

- Lack of Supporting Infrastructure - as a result of insufficient infrastructure, the economic growth of a nation can be lessened. The inadequacy of infrastructure, such as roads, railways, public transport and communication networks can result in labour being used below their productive potential (that is, labour is under utilised) as labour may not be able to reach the business/industry (e.g. finance) to which it has the comparative advantage, and consequently the rate of economic development is lowered.

- Population Problems - excessive population growth rates (often in excess of four times that of developed nations) can impede the rate of economic growth within a nation. High birth rates (50 per 1000 population) and declining death rates (due to advances in medical science) have resulted in this rapid population growth. The high population growth rate places increasing pressure on scarce resources, and if combined with the population growth rate outstripping the growth of real GDP, a decline in real GDP per capita (economic growth) can occur.

- Trade Problems - the economic growth of a nation can be hindered by their dependence on a narrow export base comprising principally of primary products (agriculture and mining). These commodity prices are often subject to large and unfavourable movements on world markets and nations dependent on these products often face great challenges in selling their goods on export markets due to the protectionist policies of other nations. Also, these primary products often are forced into competition with synthetic substitutes limiting the potential for increased production, and impeding the rate of economic growth.

- Foreign Debt Problems - as a consequence of current account problems experienced by the nation, often due to their lack of export products and markets, and their substantial demand for consumer and capital goods. Frequently funds were required to balance the budget and this diverted the funds away from investment resulting in reduced rates of economic growth.

- Lack of Appropriate Technology - as an effect of the lack of appropriate technology, the economic growth of a nation can be lowered. This is due to introduced technology (such as machinery) being labour replacing, increasing the rate of unemployment in labour intensive industries (such as textiles)

- Institutional Problems -F institutional aspects of a nation can inhibit the rate of economic growth as political instability and corruption can undermine foreign investor confidence as there is a possibility that their investment may be undermined by political situations such as riots. Similarly, social and cultural obstacles can inhibit the adaptation of new technology to increase productivity if it conflicts with traditional customs, limiting the rate of economic growth.

Some nations have managed to achieve high levels of economic growth and development. To achieve these high levels of growth, these nations have adopted strategies including:

- Encouraging Investment
In 1962 Korea adopted a governmental policy to guarantee foreign investment within the country. This guarantee increased the international confidence of investors in the Korean economy as their investment was guaranteed by the state. The political stability of Korea was also well known within the international community due to the strong, repressive government which implemented many policies, such as reducing tariffs and initiating tax holidays which increased the incentives for investment from foreign investors.

- Capital Accumulation
Large investments in infrastructure by the Taiwanese, such as ports, railroads and nuclear power plants have increased the economic growth rates of Taiwan as the supporting infrastructure for industries has been provided increasing the ability of a business firm to develop new markets for their goods and services as well as encourage businesses to invest in capital which increases the productivity of the business and the satisfaction of consumer wants. Also, the Taiwanese government reduced the business tax rate from 32.5% to 18% and provided monetary incentives to businesses for the accumulation of capital.

- Expansion of Export Industries
From 1958, the Taiwanese government initiating policies which favoured industries which exported their goods and services as they realised that exports provided the nation with many benefits. These benefits included foreign currency earnings, reduced current account deficits and greater economic independence as they required fewer loans to balance their budget. Policies initiated by the Taiwanese government included the promotion of Taiwanese exports in other nations, 5-year tax holidays for export orientated industries. These incentives encouraged Taiwanese business firms to invest in capital which increased their productive capacity, and hence rate of economic development.
Korea developed light industries for export which were complementary to, but not in competition with, export industries developed by Japan, the European Community and the US. This allowed the Korea to improve its economic growth rate by reducing its current account deficit by increasing the value of its exports, increasing the nominal value of funds available for investment by Korean firms as fewer loans were required to cover the current account deficit.

- Sectoral Balance
The Taiwanese government provided incentives for Taiwanese business firms to shift away from primary industries (agriculture and mining) to secondary and tertiary industries (manufacturing and services) through the transfer of capital from agricultural production to industrial through the compulsory collection of rice and government controlled supply resulting in short term funds being made available for the development of these industries. These secondary and tertiary industries are more profitable to the Taiwanese nation as they add value to the raw product and are more easily exported to other nations improving the balance of trade and encouraging these business firms to increase their production, hence encouraging high rates of economic growth.

- Government Regulation of Agricultural Production
The compulsory collection and government controlled supply (and price) or rice deterred many Taiwanese farmers from producing rice. To compensate for this, the Taiwanese government provided guarantees for the price of other agricultural products, such as sugar cane, maize and mushrooms resulting in diversified agricultural production and cheap food for workers, encouraging the level of savings and consumer demand for other products to increase as a result of greater disposable income, subsequently increasing demand for goods and services, and encouraging these firms to invest to increase production and hence a high rate of economic growth was achieved.

- Import Replacement (or Substitution)
Both Taiwanese and Korean bureaucratic institutes for planned economic development initiated industries for import substitution, such as textiles, to replace the importation of these goods and services with those produced in the governments own state, that is, the government set up industries to produce goods and services to replace those which were imported. The aim of this strategy is to reduce the current account deficit by reducing the cost of imports. By reducing the current account deficit the government can free up funds for investment in infrastructure or support to another industry to increase the productivity of a nation, hence promoting high rates of economic growth.

- Distribution of Income
Both Korea and Taiwan initiated land reforms after the Japanese government left the control of the nation to the respective governments. Both governments confiscated land previously held by the Japanese and land in excess of 7.4 acres in Taiwan and 3 hectares in Korea. The confiscated land was then redistributed to landless tenants in both countries with the number of people in both nations landless falling from around 50% to around 7%. This redistribution of land resulted in more intensive agriculture, and increased labour productivity, as people were now working for themselves rather than a landlord, and were able to reap the rewards of their hard work. As a result of the more intensive agriculture, crop yields grew, and hence high levels of economic growth occurred in both of these nations.
In Taiwan, rents for those people still landless fell by around 50% to a maximum of 37.5% of crop yields. In Korea a similar reduction of rents occurred for tenants, with the rents falling from around 40-60% to a maximum of 33% of total production. This resulted in a redistribution of income from the rich towards the poor increasing the disposable incomes of the poor. This extra disposable income was then either saved, where a business firm could then use the money for investment to increase their productive capacity, or spent on consumer goods and services, increasing the revenue of businesses, and hence their profits which they could then reinvest in increasing the productivity of the firm. This resulted in economic growth in both Korea and Taiwan as there was an expansion in the productive capacities of both nations.

- Controlling Population Growth Rates
To control their burgeoning population, China adopted a one child policy in the early 1980's to begin improving their level of economic growth in the new millenium (around 2010). China adopted this policy so that its scarce economic resources could be distributed to fewer people, that is, everyone receives a greater share of China's resources as there are fewer people to share them with. China's one child policy is the most brash policy aimed at reducing the population growth rate and the size of the population to increase real GDP per capita within China, and hence their rate of economic growth.

- Increased National Savings
Both the Korean and Taiwanese governments provided incentives to their people to save. Both nations had little consumer finance, which meant that all expensive goods and services, such as washing machines has to be saved up for. Limited social welfare and high interest rates have also encouraged people to save rather than spend as the interest earned on the money being saved can be used to supplement their income and support their lifestyles when they are too old, or retired, from work. Increased national savings also increases the amount of money available to business firms for investment in capital which increases their levels of production, increasing the rate of economic growth in both Korea and Taiwan.

There is no single strategy that any nation has used to achieve their high economic growth rate. Rather an integrated approach to promoting economic growth should be used within a nation, as well as dealing with economic growth inhibitors from a number of angles, for example to reduce the current account deficit, nations should not primarily increase exports, but also engage in import substitution to achieve high levels of economic growth.

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Research Paper on Microsoft

Many of us have seen Microsoft evolve into a company of great power and richness. Through this Microsoft has had many problems. Many of those, are still trying to be dealt with and finally put to rest today. Much blame has been put on to Bill Gates and what he has done for the company. One of the main problems with Microsoft is their anti-trust problem. The outcome of this case will determine the future of the most successful technology firm, and computing itself. Microsoft has been wrestling with American government over how it has used the Windows monopoly of PC operating systems to extend the software market. What the anti-trust laws forbid is the barrage of anti-competitive practices that Microsoft uses to dextral its rivals and to avoid competition. Microsoft acted illegally to counter Netscape’s Navigation browser. In May 1995, Microsoft proposed that it would supply a browser for Windows, while Netscape could have all the attention. A one million dollar a day fine to punish Microsoft for breaking the consent agreement that had been signed in 1994 for bidding it to tie the sale or distribution of applications to the licensing of Windows. Microsoft’s incidence was that computer-makers instruct after the “First Screen”, the first thing when you turn on the computer. Microsoft entered into large Internet providers, AOL (American Online). The main purpose of Windows 98 is to deliver the knockout blow to Netscape. What Bill Gates has is the ability to visualize and implement a business strategy that is almost unmatched. (The Economist Newspaper and The Economist Group, 1998)

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Dividing the firm into two more or less equal halves is an operating system called Windows. Allowing PC makers to conceal the Internet and the explorer icon on the desktop, and letting them feature rival applications; offering equal contracts to computer makers, whether or not they use the software of rivals. Making it easier for independent software developers to write programs for Windows by releasing more of its inner workings. But Microsoft continues to deny any wrongdoing and reserves the right to withdraw even these modest offerings. Even if Microsoft was punished none, not even a firm as dominate as Intel, which has had previous run-ins with anti-trust, enforces, has no resemblance to Microsoft. There is evidence that Microsoft is planning versions of office and other software that will run properly only on computer networks powered by the server edition of Windows 2000. (Play nicely, or not at all, 1998)

The judge of the Microsoft case ruled that the firm used “anti-competitive means” to preserve its monopoly in PC operating system software, he ordered it to split in two. Microsoft appealed against the ruling. Challenged the rise of the Internet, slewing applications revenues and the threat: to break-up. The future of the software industry would be www…net. Rather than relying on sales and upgrades to maintain its application revenues, Microsoft will be able to charge a subscription for the services. Microsoft faces three main challenges: the rise of the Internet, slowing applications revenues and the threat of break-up. A plan is to form a new blueprint for the future of software. Microsoft’s dominance of the PC marketplace stems from its ownership of the Windows operating system. Windows provides basic functions, such as drawing Windows and menus on the screen, managing network communications and accessing disk drive, on which all PC software can draw. Instead of selling its office suite in shrink-wrapped boxes, Microsoft plans to transform it into a subscription-based online service. Microsoft filed its brief to the Washington appeal court on November 27th 2001, and the Justice Department’s reply is expected on January 12th 2002. Microsoft can implement its crafty but risky new strategy, the verdict could have been rendered irrelevant. (Nasty Medicine, 2000)

The trustbuster who negotiated the first “consent decree” with the software giant back in July ’94, was in agreement and said that in effect to turn the companies’ defeat the count was to be victory. “The software code that compromises a Windows operating system product shall be determined by Microsoft in its sole desertion.” This means that the question underlining the entire case has been clearly answered in Microsoft’s favor: it can freely add other software elements to its flagship program, even if this expands its monopoly. An attempt to restrict Microsoft’s conducts and to increase competition in two main ways. The first is to give PC makers more freedom to hide Microsoft “middleware” (mainly its Internet-related programs, such as a web browser and an online music player) and to install competing software. The second main goal is to put Microsoft and its competing software vendors on to a more level playing field. Now it must publish the specifications for how its middleware and server software worth together with Windows. The opposition of half the eighteen states means that the trial is now entering uncharted territory. If all the states had gone along the next step would have been superficial court. The review under the Tunney Act, which is supposed to ensure that anti-trust settlements are not the result of political wheeling and dealing. (Microsoft’s Cunning Plan, 2001)

As for Europe, it should follow the United States’ lead and avoid imposing any further sanctions on Microsoft for its anti-competitive behaviors in trying its servers increasingly widely used in e-commerce and big business. To its desktop system and shutting out other desktop computers is one of the main focuses of Europe’s investigation. Also, in the European frame is the integration of ancillary software such as media players into Microsoft’s Windows operating system, allegedly forestalling competition and allowing the company to control audio and video distribution. The “sweeping remedy” should be avoided, the company says, because it would allow its rivals to clone its software with only modest outlay. Microsoft concerns the way it allegedly copies rivals developments and then drives them out if the market. (Microsoft begs Europe to back off, 2001)

The original claim that Microsoft had illegally bundled its web browser, Internet Explorer, with its monopoly Windows operating system. The eighteen state attorney generals who are also involved now have their hands free to pursue restrictions on Microsoft’s behavior, known as “conduct remedies”. Microsoft must refrain from threatening PC makers, which install competing software. These remedies were designed only as inter measures. The state attorney has vowed to make sure that Microsoft does not get away with a mere slap on the wrist, even at the price of appearing to break ranks with the DOJ (Department of Justice). Try to argue that Microsoft Windows is an “essential facility”. The main goal of the long-running trial was to create more competition in the software industry. Microsoft’s monopoly power has reduced them to mere manufactures of commodity products. Microsoft critics and competitors would also love to see the software giant put in a straitjacket. If the constraints on the company are too loose, it will find a way for them to think of a new innovation. A break-up would have been a cleaner solution. . (An unsettling settlement, 2001)

This provides services that no other PC company can do. The programs are simple to comprehend so more people would buy things that are simple. If Microsoft closes down then a lot of people, customers of Microsoft will loose money, loose all their programs. The competition will increase and Microsoft will always stay on top. No matter how many lawsuits are put upon Microsoft it’s only because the company needs higher competition. It has a lot of people behind their backs, including American Stats, European Countries and Canada. (Not off the hook, 2001)

In many cases a lot people believe that Microsoft should keep doing what they are doing. Bill Gates should keep continue to shatter our expectations. A simpler aspect would be children’s games. Also, the games could include an adult side. Although Microsoft has been through a lot of trials they continue becoming more powerful by the minute. A lot of Microsoft’s users are pleased with their products and enjoy what is being offered. Bill Gates has the ability to visualize and instigate a business strategy that is almost unmatched. That is why Microsoft is so powerful today, and will continue to be so.

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Research Paper on Helen Keller

On June 27, 1880, in Tuscumbia, Alabama, Helen Adams Keller was born into this world. Arthur Henley Keller and Kate Adams Keller were her parents, proud as any parent of their newborn child. Kate was about 20 years younger than Arthur, though they loved each other dearly and maintained a healthy caring relationship. Arthur had served for the Confederacy in the Civil War of America. They lived in a house passed down through generations in their family, and being not too wealthy, they lived a modest and honest life.

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Helen fell ill at nineteen months old, in 1882. She was expected to die by the local doctors, not even knowing the name of her ailment. Her illness subsided and she seemed to be fully well again. This thought was soon changed when she didn't seem to be able to hear or see. This left Helen terrorizing the household, breaking things, and having temper tantrums. Her family began to have trouble dealing with her. The Kellers becoming desperate, could not deal with Helen. Thus, they consulted many doctors and specialists. Their research and inquiries led them to Alexander Graham Bell, and finally to the director of the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind, Micheal Anagnos. He suggested a former student of the institution, a woman named Anne Sullivan.

This woman came to the house March 3, 1887, to meet Helen. Having much trouble with Helen's temper and manners, Anne was having a hard time teaching her. Though this she did by finger spelling out words and Helen felt the shapes and motions made by her hand and fingers. Helen did not quite understand the meaning of this. Anne knew that she had to form a bond between them for Helen to learn anything. So together, they moved out to a small cottage on the property by themselves. This meant Helen had to rely on Anne for everything she needed and wanted. Anne punished her when she did wrong by not "talking" to her with her hands. Slowly her manners and temper began to improve. She stopped fighting and eating off of other people's plates with her hands. She started to trust and love Anne as she got to know her. Helen also began to show signs of understanding the finger spelled words. Differences between public and private schools result in unnecessary changes in the child’s psyche.

One day, walking out to get some water from the pump together, Anne put Helen's hand under the running water and spelled "water" into the other. This immediately gave Helen her understanding of language back and she had finally understood. Helen made Ann tell her the names of many things on the way back to the house and had soon learned a total of thirty new words.

From that day on, Helen absorbed knowledge from Ann like a sponge. She understood everything Anne was teaching her. Helen learned to read and write Braille. This was more of an improvement than anyone near her had ever expected, including Anne. Later, living at the Perkins Institute, she was able to understand when people spoke by feeling their throat and lips. Helen wanted to be able to speak. This was attempted by Mary Swift, but proved to be in vain because Helen's vocal cords had never developed enough to allow her to speak.

In October of 1961, Helen began to suffer extreme strokes. Before dying in her sleep on June 1, 1968, Helen was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Lyndon Johnson. Later, she won a place in the Women's Hall of Fame.

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Essay on Scholarship

As part of the minority group, it wasn’t easy for my family and I when we first sat a step on strangers’ land eight years ago, America. Because our life experiences were very different than the people in the new world, it was very limited. We had to deal with numbers of obstacles from time to time. Perhaps, our biggest change in life. Language barrier and cultural activities are the two major problems that we’re heading with very frail hopes in successfully adapting the new environment.

As far as I could remember, when the first day I started school with a brave thought of everything is going to be fine until I made a pace into a classroom. Stunned me, I stood motionless in front of everybody in the classroom thinking that I’ve lost. All these new faces that I’ve never seen before in my whole life now facing me in an inquisitive way as I starting to sweat and shake. Everything appeared as gigantic in front of my eyes as well as my classmates; they seemed huge compare to my size as a fifth grader in elementary school, or is it just me felt like I’m shrinking.

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Immediately after grabbed a sit, I found myself surrounded in a group that verbalized in a strange language that I couldn’t understand at all. School soon enough became a fear for me. I couldn’t catch up to the daily basis conversation neither could express myself nor have the courage to speak the language. It sounded impossible for me to learn anything at first, but I knew if I tried I would get it someday. Nevertheless, I soon get involved in many activities and clubs to make new friends and learn new things. This was an enormous helped for me on my English throughout my entire grade school. My eager of studying new things had set no limit for me in the wide range of absorbing knowledge. By the time I got to high school, my English was pretty well prepared. Even though I can’t be as good as a native born American but I’ll keep on trying harder. Even staying up late and waking up early if I had to because I know at some point in life it will paid off.

I am now a senior at Gateway Institute of Technology High School. During those years of attending there I had involved in several important activities in school, such as: the cultural diversity club, VICCA competition, and the honor society group. These activities had helped me placing a strong foundation and gave me an opportunity to demonstrate my skills in challenging, communicating, and expressing my ideas. I’m also a Math tutor in the summer at Gateway High School for students that are weak at this subject. At the same time, I work as an interpreter for Languages Access Metro Project in St. Louis. It is a program to help elder people who can’t speak English that want to go see a doctor. Then they will send me as a translator between the patient and doctor. In addition, I volunteered in community work at the St. Louis Vietnamese Community Association and vice president of the St. Louis Vietnamese Youth Association. After those struggling long hard work—study to the bone waiting years, I’m finally another step closer to my future accomplishments, college. Now I’m beginning to worry about my financial needs, whether I’ll have enough money to go to a University or just enroll into a community college. As I scanning through many web pages on the Internet about minority scholarships and colleges, I came across an article. In this article there is a statement that really encouraging me about applying for a scholarship. “ The best and the brightest students shouldn’t be denied access to higher education simply because they can’t afford it.” This statement had pushed me on a quest for scholarships that are within my abilities and the University that I wanted to go.

Computer Science and International Business are my two aiming target for future goals because they are one of the most fast growing field in the society today and I want to be a part of it. After graduate in those fields later in life; I will use the knowledge that I have received to help make the economic in the society back to where it used to be or even higher. I will contribute everything that I had to the world of business and science. To take further actions, I want fulfill my dream of one day I’ll go back to my native country as a successful man to help bring it to a higher level of civilization and free it from communism and extreme poverty.

Thus, I find University of Missouri in St. Louis is my first choice in mind for scholarships and enrollment. It has a relatively fair tuition that I hope I could afford accompanying with the scholarship I will receive. With this scholarship (that if I’m accepted, of course) I will be able to purchase the materials and resources that are needed for my specific major. On the other hand, I’ll use this scholarship to participate in any activities or organization. Furthermore, by using this scholarship, I would have a better chance of pursuing my career in a high level and bring me success in UMSL at my field of study. Thanks for the caring and providing of this scholarship I will be able to graduate from UMSL and be able to get a job.

My contribution will be grateful from what you have invested in me to the society. After attending at UMSL, I will have a bright future lay ahead of me. It will provide me with wide array of studies both within and beyond my chosen major. Possibly, after graduating, I might be working for some business company that would grant me an opportunity to go back to my country and serve as a connection or bridge between the two worlds.

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